COMPUTER-ASSISTED CAREER GUIDANCE:
RESEARCH AND EVALUATION BIBLIOGRAPHY

by

James P. Sampson, Jr.

Elisa Rudd

Robert C. Reardon

July 25, 1998

Copyright 1998 by Florida State University

Permission is granted to copy, disseminate, or otherwise

reproduce this document provided appropriate credit is given.

The Center for the Study of Technology in Counseling and Career Development

University Center, Suite A4100

The Florida State University

Tallahassee, FL 32306-2490

(850) 644-6431 (voice) (850) 644-3273 (FAX)

http://www.career.fsu.edu/techcenter

This bibliography, along with other bibliographies developed by the Center for the Study of Technology in Counseling and Career Development, is intended to assist practitioners, researchers, policy makers, and system developers in identifying and locating sources of information on the design and use of computer-assisted career guidance (CACG) systems. The ultimate aim of this effort is to improve the availability and quality of career and educational services to children, adolescents, and adults. Bibliographies are available on General CACG Issues, CACG Ethical Issues, CACG Multicultural Issues, CACG Disability Issues, and CACG Research and Evaluation. Bibliographies are also available on specific collections of CACG systems, such as Career & College Quest, the Career Information System, CareerView, Career Visions, Choices, C-LECT, COIN, DISCOVER, FOCUS II, the Guidance Information System, and SIGI PLUS.

The Research and Evaluation Bibliography includes investigations of the impact of one or more CACG systems in meeting the needs of various populations. This bibliography was created by integrating citations from the evaluation and research report sections of each CACG system-specific bibliography identified above. The intention is to provide a comprehensive source of CACG research and evaluation. The reader is cautioned against making generalizations about the equivalence of different versions of a computer-assisted career guidance (CACG) system when substantial content and process changes have been made over time. Features that were or were not effective in one version of a CACG system may not be retained in revised versions. In situations where CACG system content or process changes have occurred, practitioners and researchers need to evaluate the issue of equivalency either through existing research, or at a minimum, by conducting a thorough comparison of system features.

The Center for the Study of Technology in Counseling and Career Development does not provide copies of the original documents. To locate the original documents please refer to the appropriate journal, book, or sponsoring organization. Additional information on a specific system may be obtained from the system developer. Contact information for system developers may be found in the system-specific bibliographies identified above. General information on computer-based career information delivery systems may be obtained from the Association of Computer-Based Systems for Career Information, 6613 Benson Drive, Alexandria, VA 22306, (703) 768-6853 (voice), (703) 768-7585 (FAX), http://www.acsci.org, vaacsi@aol.com

Funding for computer-assisted career guidance bibliographies produced by the Center for the Study of Technology in Counseling and Career Development is currently provided by the National Occupational Information Coordinating Committee and the Florida State University Career Center. Previous funding for the development of bibliographies was provided by the W. K. Kellogg Foundation, the Florida Department of Education Bureau for Career Development, and the Florida State University College of Education and Division of Student Affairs.

Evaluation and Research Reports

Allen, R. R. (1987). A comparative study of the differences among methods of computer-based career counseling interventions (Doctoral dissertation, Wayne State University, 1987). Dissertation Abstracts International, 48, 833A.

Alston, R. J. (1987). The effect of a computer-assisted career guidance system on disabled college students' career indecision (Doctoral dissertation, Florida State University, 1987). Dissertation Abstracts International, 48, 306A.

Alston, R. J., & Burkhead, E. J. (1987). Computer-assisted career guidance and the career indecision of college students with physical disabilities. Rehabilitation Counseling Bulletin, 32, 248-253.

Ballantine, M., Henderson, L. & Stewart, M. (1995). Report of a field trial of DISCOVER for organisations in Southhampton, UK. (Available from Malcolm Ballantine, 2 Swiss Close, Watford Herfordshire, WD17LW 01923 250609)

Barnes, J. A,, & Herr, E. L. (1998). The effects of interventions on career progress. Journal of Career Development, 24, 179-193.

Bauer, K. W. (1988). DISCOVER: Its association with college retention and congruence (Doctoral dissertation, University of Maryland, 1988). Dissertation Abstracts International, 49, 07A.

Bell, C. L. S. (1981). A coding-system model for the physically handicapped for use with the System of Interactive Guidance and Information (Doctoral dissertation, University of North Texas, 1981). Dissertation Abstracts International, 42, 4805A.

Bloch, D. P., & Kinnison, J. F. (1989). A method for rating computer-based career information delivery systems. Measurement and Evaluation in Counseling and Development, 21, 177-87.

British Columbia Occupational Training Council & British Columbia Systems Corporation. (1980). British Columbia Choices pilot study February - June 1980. Unpublished manuscript: Author.

Brownfield, K. N. (1987). A comparative study of career decision making with two computer-assisted career guidance systems (Doctoral dissertation, University of Tulsa, 1987) Dissertation Abstracts International, 48, 306A.

Bryk, A. S., & Raudenbush, S. W. (1983). The potential contribution of program evaluation to social problem solving: A view based on the CIS and push/excel experiences. New Directions for Program Evaluation, 17, 97-107.

Buglione, S. A., & DeVito, A. J. (1986). Computers in career guidance. Computers in Psychiatry/Psychology, 8(4), 18-25.

Buhl, C. (1995). New software helps students visualize a career path. Vocational Education Journal, 70, 30-33.

Campbell, R. B. (1983). Assessing effectiveness of DISCOVER in a small campus career development program. Pennsylvania. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED 253 782)

Career Planning and Placement Center, University of California - Irvine. (1979). SIGI Project: Student evaluation, first 18 months. Unpublished manuscript, University of California - Irvine, Career Planning and Placement Center.

Casserly, M. C. (1977). Choices field trial report: May 30 - June 3, 1977. Unpublished manuscript, Occupation and Career Analysis and Development Branch, Department of Manpower and Immigration, Ottawa.

Casserly, M. C. (1978). A proposal: The cost effectiveness of CHOICES in comparison to the current counselling system in use in Canada employment centres. Unpublished manuscript, Occupation and Career Analysis and Development Branch, Department of Manpower and Immigration, Ottawa.

Cassie, J. R. (1979). A comparative analysis of Choices and S.G.I.S.: Selected aspects of on-line and batch delivery systems for computer-assisted guidance services. Toronto, Ontario: Ontario Department of Education. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED 180 132)

Chapman, R. H., & Greenberg, E. M. (1985). DISCOVER: Some feedback from users. Unpublished manuscript.

Chapman, W. (1978). SIGI proves to be an effective career guidance system. Findings, 2, 5-8.

Chapman, W., Katz, M. R., Norris, L., & Pears, L. (1977). SIGI: Field test and evaluation of a computer-based System of Interactive Guidance and Information: Volume I. Princeton, NJ: Educational Testing Service. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED 146 222)

Chapman, W., Katz, M. R., Norris, L., & Pears, L. (1977). SIGI: Field test and evaluation of a computer-based System of Interactive Guidance and Information (Summary of Final Report). Princeton, NJ: Educational Testing Service. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED 146 221)

Chapman, W., Norris, L., & Katz, M. R. (1973). SIGI: Report of a pilot study under field conditions. Princeton, NJ: Educational Testing Service. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED 084 887)

Clyde, J. S. (1979). Computerized career information and guidance systems. Columbus, OH: The National Center for Research in Vocational Education. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED 179 764d)

Cochran, D. J., Hoffman, S. D., Strand, K. H., & Warren, P. M. (1977). Effects of client/computer interaction on career decision-making processes. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 24, 308-312.

Coleman, C. L. (1997). Results of recent values research. SIGI PLUS News, 10(2), 2-3.

Conrad, D. W. (1990). A community college evaluation of DISCOVER and Virginia VIEW (Doctoral dissertation, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, 1989). Dissertation Abstracts International, 51, 1117A.

Davis, D., & Dickson, J. (1980). A progress report on the System of Interactive Guidance and Information: October 1976 to June 1979. Unpublished manuscript, Delta College, Counseling Center, University Center.

Department of Manpower and Immigration. (1979). Evaluation of the first generation of Choices in a field setting: October 1, 1977 to March 31, 1978. Unpublished manuscript, Occupation and Career Analysis and Development Branch.

Devine, H. F. (1975). The effects of a computer-based career counseling program on the vocational maturity of community college students (Doctoral dissertation, University of Florida, 1975). Dissertation Abstracts International, 36, 12A.

DeVito, A. J., & Buglione, S. A. (1986). Computers in career guidance. Computers in Psychiatry/Psychology, 8(4), 18-25.

Dober, L. B. (1991). Effective tools in a career exploration class: A study of QUEST. Unpublished master's thesis, California State University at Long Beach.

Dungy, G. J. (1980). Self-esteem and career decision making readiness as predictors of successful use of the System of Interactive Guidance and Information (Doctoral dissertation, Washington University, 1980). Dissertation Abstracts International, 41, 5073A.

Dungy, G. (1984). Computer-assisted guidance: Determining who is ready. Journal of College Student Personnel, 25, 539-546.

Dewees, P. (1983). Adult learners' response to computer-based career guidance systems in three settings: An employee development program, a college counseling center, and a public library. Unpublished manuscript, Ohio University, Adult Learning Services, Athens, OH. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED 230 735)

Fadden, T. F. (1983). The effects of computer-assisted guidance and information on the vocational maturity of college students when used alone and in combination with a career planning and decision-making course (Doctoral dissertation, Marquette University, 1983). Dissertation Abstracts International, 45, 02A.

Farber, A. J. (1986). The relationship between student characteristics and the effective use of a computer-assisted career guidance system (Doctoral dissertation, Michigan State University, 1986). Dissertation Abstracts International, 47, 10A.

Farrell, S. S. (1990). The differential effects of computer-assisted and noncomputer-assisted career/life decision program on the career decision skills of low-income women (Doctoral dissertation, Boston University, 1990). Dissertation Abstracts International, 51, 1507A.

Florida Department of Education Bureau for Career Development. (1983). A pilot study of consistency between the printed and computer-delivered self-estimates used in Choices with high school students. Unpublished manuscript, Author, Tallahassee, FL.

Friet, J. E. , & Schmidt, R. L. (1976). Implementing an occupational information system: Final report. Olympia, WA: Washington State Occupational Information Service. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED 134 787)

Fresques, M., & Mosewsian, R. (1987). The effects of the Guidance Information System (GIS) on the career maturity of high school students. TACD Journal, 15(2), 113-121.

Fredericksen, G. E., & Fullerton, T. F. (1978). The report of the pilot project to evaluate the System of Interactive Guidance and Information. Pomona, CA: California State Polytechnic University, Career Planning and Placement. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED 182 465)

Fukuyama, M. A., Probert, B. S., Neimeyer, G. J., Nevill, D. D., & Metzler, A. E. (1988). Effects of DISCOVER on career self-efficacy and decision making of undergraduates. Career Development Quarterly, 37, 56-62.

Fulford, C. (1982). SIGI support materials needs assessment--A final report. Tallahassee, FL: Florida State University, Curricular-Career Information Service.

Garis, J. W. (1982). The integration of a computer-based guidance system in a college counseling center: A comparison of the effects of "DISCOVER" and individual counseling upon career planning (Doctoral dissertation, Pennsylvania State University, 1982). Dissertation Abstracts International, 43, 2236A.

Garis, J. W. (1982). The integration of the DISCOVER computer-based guidance system in a college counseling center--its effects upon career planning. Unpublished manuscript, The Pennsylvania State University, Career Development and Placement Center, University Park, PA.

Garis, J. W., & Harris-Bowlsbey, J. (1984). DISCOVER and the counselor: Their effects upon college student career planning progress (Research Report No. 85). Hunt Valley, MD: American College Testing Program.

Garis, J. W., & Niles, S. G. (1990). The separate and combined effects of SIGI or DISCOVER and a career planning course on undecided university students. Career Development Quarterly, 38, 261-274.

Garis, J. W., & Swails, R. C. (1983, May). Computers and career counselors: A comparison of their effects upon students' career planning progress. Paper presented at the College Placement Council National Meeting.

Gilman, K. A. (1987). A comparison of computer-assisted and noncomputer-assisted group career guidance experiences using SIGI PLUS and DISCOVER for Adult Learners (Doctoral dissertation, Texas A & M University, 1987). Dissertation Abstracts International, 49, 201A.

Glaize, D. L. (1982). The effects of three interventions on the career development of high school students (Doctoral dissertation, University of Florida, 1982). Dissertation Abstracts International, 43, 2892A.

Glaize, D. L., & Myrick, R. D. (1984). Interpersonal groups or computers? A study of career maturity and career decidedness. Vocational Guidance Quarterly, 32, 168-176.

Goldberg, L. A., Reardon, R. C., & Bonnell, R. O., Jr. (1980). Choices: In career planning. Florida Vocational Journal, 6(2), 17-19.

Guerette, J. L. (1980). A survey of student attitudes toward the use of Choices. Paper presented at the World Seminar of Employment Counseling, Ottawa, Ontario.

Grant, D. F. (1985). Effects of System of Interactive Guidance and Information (SIGI) on career indecision in college students (Doctoral dissertation, The University of Toledo, 1985). Dissertation Abstracts International, 46, 06A.

Gross, L. C., Fisher, R., & Heller, B. R. (1977). A modified approach to improve the use of a computerized information delivery system in two-year colleges in New York State. New York, NY: City University of New York Institute for Research and Development in Occupational Education. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED 162 676)

Hafer, A. A. (1987). Treatment effects of a computer-assisted career guidance system (SIGI PLUS), the SCII, and SDS for engineering freshmen (Doctoral dissertation, Clemson University, 1987). Dissertation Abstracts International, 48, 06A.

Ham, T. L. (1982, December). CHOICES: Evaluation and analysis of effect on career concerns. Paper presented at the annual convention of the American Vocational Association, St. Louis, MO. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED 227 279)

Harris-Bowlsbey, J., & Associates. (1976). DISCOVER: A computer-based career guidance and counselor-administrative support system. Field trial report. Westminster, MD: DISCOVER Foundation. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED 137 639)

Heller, B. R. & Chitayat, L. (1976). Computer-Assisted guidance in New York City high schools: A demonstration of feasibility and impact on students. New York, NY: City Univ. of New York Institute for Research and Development in Occupational Education. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED 140 150)

Heller, B. R. & Gross, L. C. (1977). Computerized vocational information and decision-making in secured environments in New York State. New York, NY: City University of New York Inst. for Research and Development in Occupational Education. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED 162 682)

Helwig, A. A., & Snodgres, P. J. (1990). Computer-assisted career guidance use in higher education: A national update. Journal of Career Development, 16, 249-259.

Heppner, M. J., & Johnston, J. A. (1985). Computerized career guidance and information systems: guidelines for selection. Journal of College Student Personnel, 26(2), 156-63.

Hinkelman, J. M. (1997). The effects of DISCOVER on the career maturity and career indecision of rural high school students: A randomized field experiment. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Missouri-Columbia

Hinkle, J. S. (1992). Computer-assisted career guidance and single subject research: A scientist-practitioner approach to accountability. Journal of Counseling and Development, 70, 391-95.

Irvin, V. J. (1989). The effects of SIGI PLUS, career counseling and the combination of SIGI PLUS, and career counseling on the career development of college students (Doctoral dissertation, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 1989). Dissertation Abstracts International, 50, 3186A.

Jones, S. N. (1977). Computer-assisted vocational counseling in two Wyoming high schools (Doctoral dissertation, University of Wyoming, 1976). Dissertation Abstracts International, 37, 4865A.

Johnson, K. L., Burkhead, E. J., & Clark, D. A. (1990). Choices with clients with profound hearing impairments. Journal of Career Development, 16, 227-233.

Kapes, J. T., Borman, C. A., Garcia, G., Jr., & Compton, J. W. (1985, April). Evaluation of microcomputer based career guidance systems with college students: SIGI and DISCOVER. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Educational Research Association, Chicago.

Kapes, J. T., Borman, C. A., & Kimberly, R. M. (1985, January). Using microcomputer-based career guidance systems in a university setting: Reaction data from users. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Southwest Educational Research Association, Austin.

Kapes, J. T., Borman, C. A., Garcia, G., Jr., & Gilman, K. A. (1986, January). Exploring the use of SIGI and DISCOVER microcomputer-based career guidance systems. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Southwest Educational Research Association, Houston.

Kapes, J. T., Borman, C. A., & Frazier, N. (1986, April). Comparing SIGI and DISCOVER: Student and counselor outcomes. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Association for Counseling and Development, Los Angeles.

Kapes, J. T., Borman, C. A., & Frazier, N. (1989). An evaluation of the SIGI and Discover microcomputer-based career guidance systems. Measurement and Evaluation in Counseling and Development, 22, 126-136.

Katz, M. R., & Kroll, A. (1975). Evaluating a computer-based guidance system. Findings, 2, 5-87.

Katz, M. R., & Shatkin, L. (1987). The need for research. Career Planning and Adult Development Journal, 3(2), 63-70.

Kennedy, W. F. (1986). Air Force pre-enlistment personnel job classification: A decision support system approach. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Nova University, Ft. Lauderdale, FL.

Kimberly, R. M. (1989). An examination of the effectiveness of the Choices computer assisted career guidance system with post secondary vocational business students (Doctoral dissertation, Texas A & M University, 1988). Dissertation Abstracts International, 49, 2633A.

King, F. J. (1981). Reduction of reading levels of counseling. Unpublished manuscript, Florida Department of Education, Bureau for Career Development Tallahassee.

King, F. J. (1982). A summary of the usefulness of Florida Choices in Florida CETA settings. Unpublished manuscript, Florida Department of Education, Bureau for Career Development, Tallahassee.

King, F. J., Smith-Dann, J., Schwallie-Giddis, P., Rogers, Z., & Kennedy, R. (1987). Evaluation of the ASVAB Career Development Program: Interim Report #1. Unpublished manuscript, Florida Department of Education, Bureau for Career Development, Tallahassee.

Kirschner, J. E. (1989). Congruent versus incongruent vocational treatments for career indecision in college students: A comparison of DISCOVER and a career workshop (Doctoral dissertation, University of Maryland College Park, 1989). Dissertation Abstracts International, 50, 3163A.

Kivlighan, D. M., Jr., Johnston, J. A., Hogan, R. S., & Mauer, E. (1994). Who benefits from computerized career counseling? Journal of Counseling & Development, 72, 289-292.

Leboeuf, C. A. (1990). The effects of gender and two microcomputer systems--SIGI PLUS and DISCOVER--on career development (Doctoral dissertation, Arizona State University, 1990). Dissertation Abstracts International, 50, 3926A.

Lenz, J. G. (1990). John Holland's theory and the effective use of computer-assisted career guidance systems (Doctoral dissertation, Florida State University, 1990). Dissertation Abstracts International, 51, 1120A.

Lenz, J. G., Reardon, R. C., & Sampson, J. P., Jr. (1993). Holland's theory and effective use of computer-assisted career guidance systems. Journal of Career Development, 19, 245-253. [Also available as Lenz, J. G., Reardon, R. C., & Sampson, J. P., Jr., (1990). Holland's theory and effective use of computer-assisted career guidance systems (technical report No. 12). Tallahassee, FL: Florida State University, Center for the Study of Technology in Counseling and Career Development. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED 340 971)]

Lenz, J. G., Leierer, S. J., Reardon, R. C., & Sampson, J. P., Jr. (1992). An analysis of the localization feature of two computer-assisted career guidance systems - DISCOVER and SIGI PLUS (technical report No. 14). Tallahassee, FL: Florida State University, Center for the Study of Technology in Counseling and Career Development. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED 363 826)

Lotterhos, S. F. (1980). The effect of computerized guidance on student persistence and academic achievement in a community college (Doctoral dissertation, Fordham University, 1980). Dissertation Abstracts International, 40, 5733-5734A.

Luzzo, D. A., & Pierce, G. (1997). Effects of DISCOVER on the career maturity of middle school students. The Career Development Quarterly, 45, 170-172.

Mar-Brennan, C. D. (1981). The effects of a computer-based career guidance system on the development of self-concept and career maturity of community college students (Doctoral dissertation, Florida State University, 1981). Dissertation Abstracts International, 42, 88A.

Marin, P. A. (1984). The differential effectiveness of computer-based career counseling intervention and decision making style on progress in career decision status (Doctoral dissertation, University of Michigan, 1984). Dissertation Abstracts International, 45, 3550A.

Marin, P. A., & Splete, H. (1991). A comparison of the effect of two computer-based counseling interventions on the career decidedness of adults. Career Development Quarterly, 39, 360-371.

Maritime Provinces Education Foundation. (1990). Evaluation of Choices. Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.

Mau, W., Calvert, C., & Gregory, R. (1997). Effects of career interventions on vocational cognitive complexity. Journal of Career Development, 23, 279-293.

McKinlay, B. (1971). Validity and readability of the Occupational Information Access System "Quest" questionnaire. Eugene, OR: Oregon University, Career Information System. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED 084 434)

McKinlay, B. (1980). The Career Information System: A decade of developmental research. In T. L. Wentling (Ed.), ARRIVE: Annual review of research in vocational education (Volume 1). Urbana, IL: University of Illinois.

McKinlay, B., & Adams, D. (1971). Evaluation of the Occupational Information Access System used at Churchill High School: A project report. Eugene, OR: Oregon University, Career Information System. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED 084 435)

McKinlay, B., & Franklin, P. (1975). Education components for a career information system. Eugene, OR: University of Oregon. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. CE 007 778)

Metzger, E. I., Sampson, J. P., Jr., & Reardon, R. C. (1988). Computer-assisted career guidance and the adult learner - two case studies (technical report No. 8). Tallahassee, FL: Florida State University, Center for the Study of Technology in Counseling and Career Development.

Miller, J. M., Karriker, C. S., & Springer, T. P. (1986). A comparison of two approaches to counselor-free career exploration. Journal of Employment Counseling, 23, 167-175.

Miller, J. M., & Springer, T. P. (1986). Perceived satisfaction of a computerized vocational counseling system as a function of monetary investment. Journal of College Student Personnel, 27, 142-146.

Minor, F. J., (1991). Field evaluation of a computer-based career planning system. Journal of Career Development, 18, 111-122.

Schaefer, K. (1996). Evaluating access to vocational information and job choices. Worksight, Vol. 14, Mississippi State University, Rehabilitation Research and Training Center on Blindness and Low Vision.

Moore, R., Opitz, A., Farrell, M., Moore, L., Furbish, D., & Captain, S. (1981). Exploration of career information delivery systems via computerization. Richlands, VA: Southwest Virginia Community College. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED 203 910)

Myers, R. A., Lindeman, R., Thompson, A., & Patrick, T. (1975). Effects of an Educational and Career Exploration System (ECES) on vocational maturity. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 6, 245-254.

National Technical Institute for the Deaf. (1976). SIGI: System of Interactive Guidance and Information - A study of the use of a computer-based aid to career decision-making at the National Technical Institute for the Deaf. Rochester, NY: Author.

Neimeyer, G. J., & Ebben, R. (1985). The effects of vocational interventions on the complexity and positivity of occupational judgments. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 27, 87-97.

Neumann, E. F. (1978). Final report of the System of Interactive Guidance and Information. Pasadena, CA: Pasadena City College, Student Personnel Services.

Niles, S., & Garis, J. W. (1990). The effects of a career planning course and a computer-assisted career guidance program (SIGI PLUS) on undecided university students. Journal of Career Development, 16, 237-248.

Nocella, T. K. (1985). Computer assistance in career counseling (DISCOVER) (Doctoral dissertation, University of Denver, 1985). Dissertation Abstracts International, 46, 199A.

Norris, L., & Shatkin, L. (1986). SIGI PLUS at ETS: Development and field testing (Research Memorandum No. RM-86-5). Princeton, NJ: Educational Testing Service. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED 278 851)

Norris, L., Shatkin, L., Schott, P. S., & Bennett, M. F. (1985). SIGI PLUS: Development and field test of the computer-based System of Interactive Guidance and Information...PLUS MORE. Unpublished manuscript, Educational Testing Service, Princeton, NJ.

Norris, L., Shatkin, L., Schott, P. S., & Bennett, M. F. (1986). The field test of SIGI PLUS, the computer-based System of Interactive Guidance and Information...PLUS MORE. Unpublished manuscript, Educational Testing Service, Princeton, NJ.

Occupational Training Council Counseling Committee. (1980). An evaluation of Choices. Unpublished manuscript, Author, British Columbia.

Olson, G. T., & Whitman, P. D. (1990). Career information delivery systems inventory. Downey, CA: Los Angeles County Office of Education. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED 326 688)

Osborn, D. N., Sampson, J. P., Jr., Peterson, G. W., & Rush, D., (1997). Client anticipations about computer-assisted career guidance system outcomes (technical Report No. 23). Tallahassee, FL: Florida State University, Center for the Study of Technology in Counseling and Career Development.

Pelsma, D. M. (1982). The effects of learning style on satisfaction with a System of Interactive Guidance and Information (Doctoral dissertation, University of Missouri, 1982). Dissertation Abstracts International, 44, 03A. (University Microfilms No. 83-10421) (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED 247 468)

Penn, P. D. (1981). Differential effects on vocationally-related behaviors of a computer-based career guidance system in communication with innovative career exploration strategies (Doctoral dissertation, University of Minnesota, 1981). Dissertation Abstracts International, 42, 12A.

Peterson, G. W., Ryan-Jones, R. E., Sampson, J. P., Jr., Reardon, R. C., & Shahnasarian, M. (1987). A comparison of the effectiveness of three computer-assisted career guidance systems on college students' career decision making processes (technical report No. 6). Tallahassee, FL: Florida State University, Center for the Study of Technology in Counseling and Career Development.

Peterson, G. W., Ryan-Jones, R. E., Sampson, J. P., Jr., & Reardon, R. C. (1988). Computer-assisted career guidance evaluation form: DISCOVER for Colleges and Adults, DISCOVER for High Schools, DISCOVER for Junior High and Middle Schools version. Tallahassee, FL: Florida State University, Center for the Study of Technology in Counseling and Career Development.

Peterson, G. W., Ryan-Jones, R. E., Sampson, J. P., Jr., & Reardon, R. C. (1988). Computer-assisted career guidance evaluation form: SIGI PLUS version. Tallahassee, FL: Florida State University, Center for the Study of Technology in Counseling and Career Development.

Peterson, G. W., Ryan-Jones, R. E., Sampson, J. P., Jr., Reardon, R. C., & Shahnasarian, M. (1994). A comparison of the effectiveness of three computer-assisted career guidance systems: DISCOVER, SIGI, and SIGI PLUS. Computers in Human Behavior, 10, 189-198.

Pilato, G. T., & Myers, R. A. (1973). Effects of computer-mediated vocational guidance procedures: Accuracy of self- knowledge. Journal Of Vocational Behavior, 3, 167-174.

Pilato, G. T., & Myers, R. A. (1975). The effects of computer-mediated vocational guidance procedures on the appropriateness of vocational preference. Journal Of Vocational Behavior, 6, 61-72.

Pinder, F. A. (1982). Effectiveness of Choices in improving the career decision making process by university students. Dissertation Abstracts International, 44, 0677A.

Pinder, F. A., & Fitzgerald, P. W. (1984). The effectiveness of a computerized guidance system in promoting career decision making. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 24, 123-131.

Pitz, G., & Harren, V. (1980). An analysis of career decision making from the point of view of information processing and decision theory. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 16, 320-346.

Plagens, L. F. (1986). A study to determine the feasibility of implementing a computer-assisted career guidance system at the Brenham campus of Blinn College (Texas) (Doctoral dissertation, Texas A & M University, 1986). Dissertation Abstracts International, 47, 2558A.

Pupil Personnel Services Branch. (1980). Choices: A review of progress to date and a proposal for future development. Unpublished manuscript, New Brunswick Department of Education.

Pyle, K R. (1976). The relationship of group career counseling and computer-assisted career guidance to the career maturity of community college students (Doctoral dissertation, University of Florida, 1976). Dissertation Abstracts International, 37, 4143-4144A.

Pyle, K R., & Stripling, R. O. (1976). The counselor, the computer, and career development. Vocational Guidance Quarterly, 25, 71-75.

Pyle, K R., & Stripling, R. O. (1977). Counselor vs. computer in career development. NASPA Journal, 14, 38-40.

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