COMPUTER-ASSISTED CAREER GUIDANCE:
SIGI PLUS and SIGI BIBLIOGRAPHY

by

James P. Sampson, Jr.

Robert C. Reardon

Elisa Rudd

July 25, 1998

Copyright 1998 by Florida State University

Permission is granted to copy, disseminate, or otherwise

reproduce this document provided appropriate credit is given.

The Center for the Study of Technology in Counseling and Career Development

University Center, Suite A4100

The Florida State University

Tallahassee, FL 32306-2490

(850) 644-6431 (voice) (850) 644-3273 (FAX)

http://www.career.fsu.edu/techcenter

This bibliography, along with other bibliographies developed by the Center for the Study of Technology in Counseling and Career Development, is intended to assist practitioners, researchers, policy makers, and system developers in identifying and locating sources of information on the design and use of computer-assisted career guidance (CACG) systems. The ultimate aim of this effort is to improve the availability and quality of career and educational services to children, adolescents, and adults. Bibliographies are available on General CACG Issues, CACG Ethical Issues, CACG Multicultural Issues, CACG Disability Issues, and CACG Research and Evaluation. Bibliographies are also available on specific collections of CACG systems, such as Career & College Quest, the Career Information System, CareerView, Career Visions, Choices, C-LECT, COIN Career Guidance System, DISCOVER, FOCUS II, the Guidance Information System, and SIGI PLUS.

The SIGI PLUS and SIGI bibliography contains references to the following computer-assisted career guidance systems:

SIGI PLUS*

SIGI (the System of Interactive Guidance and Information)

The reader is cautioned against making generalizations about the equivalence of different versions of a computer-assisted career guidance (CACG) system when substantial content and process changes have been made over time. Features that were or were not effective in one version of a CACG system may not be retained in revised versions. In situations where CACG system content or process changes have occurred, practitioners and researchers need to evaluate the issue of equivalency either through existing research, or at a minimum, by conducting a thorough comparison of system features.

This bibliography is organized as follows: Systems, Theoretical and Research Foundations, Evaluation and Research Reports, Program Descriptions, and Support Materials. Systems identifies current versions of SIGI and SIGI PLUS. Theoretical and Research Foundations includes the theory and research that has guided the development of SIGI and SIGI PLUS. Evaluation and Research Reports includes investigations of the impact of SIGI and SIGI PLUS in meeting the needs of various populations. Program Descriptions includes reports of the use of SIGI and SIGI PLUS within various organizations. Support Materials includes print-based and video-based materials for professionals and individual users that are designed to enhance the effectiveness of SIGI and SIGI PLUS.

The Center for the Study of Technology in Counseling and Career Development does not provide copies of the original documents. To locate the original documents please refer to the appropriate journal, book, or sponsoring organization. Additional information on SIGI PLUS may be obtained from: Educational Testing Service, Director, Career Guidance - SIGI PLUS, Room W-153, MS 09-W, Rosedale Road, Princeton, NJ 08541-6403, (800) 257-7444, cuhrich@ets.org or sigiplus@ets.org, http://www.ets.org/sigi/. General information on computer-based career information delivery systems may be obtained from the Association of Computer-Based Systems for Career Information, 6613 Benson Drive, Alexandria, VA 22306, (703) 768-6853 (voice), (703) 768-7585 (FAX), http://www.acsci.org, vaacsi@aol.com

Funding for computer-assisted career guidance bibliographies produced by the Center for the Study of Technology in Counseling and Career Development is currently provided by the National Occupational Information Coordinating Committee and the Florida State University Career Center. Previous funding for the development of bibliographies was provided by the W. K. Kellogg Foundation, the Florida Department of Education Bureau for Career Development, and the Florida State University College of Education and Division of Student Affairs.

Systems

SIGI PLUS [Computer software]. (1997). Princeton, NJ: Educational Testing Service.

Theoretical and Research Foundations

Chapman, W. (1983). A context for career decision-making (Research Report No. RR-83-13). Princeton, NJ: Educational Testing Service. (NIE Contract No. 400-79-0020)

Coleman, C. L. (1997). Results of recent values research. SIGI PLUS News, 10(2), 2-3.

Educational Testing Service. (1971). Interactive computer system will help students make career decisions. The Vocational Guidance Quarterly, 20, 61-62.

Educational Testing Service. (1974). SIGI: A computer-based System of Interactive Guidance and Information. Princeton, NJ: Author. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED 112 277)

Educational Testing Service. (1990). SIGI PLUS counselor's manual. Princeton, NJ: Author.

Godwin, W. F. (1974, May). SIGI: An operational example of computer-based career guidance. Paper presented at the National Computer Conference, Chicago, IL. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED 097 590)

Gribbons, W. (1960). Evaluation of an eighth-grade group guidance program. Personnel and Guidance Journal, 38, 740-745.

Johnson, C. S. (1990). Yesterday, today, and tomorrow: Response to Martin Katz. In J. P. Sampson, Jr. & R. C. Reardon (Eds.), Enhancing the design and use of computer-assisted career guidance systems: Proceedings of an international teleconference on technology and career development (pp. 51-55). Alexandria, VA: National Career Development Association.

Katz, M. R. (1957). A critical analysis of the literature concerning the process of occupational choice in high school boys (Harvard Career Studies No. 6). Cambridge, MA: Harvard University, Graduate School of Education.

Katz, M. R. (1957). You: Today and tomorrow. Princeton, NJ: Educational Testing Service.

Katz, M. R. (1963). Decisions and values: A rationale for secondary school guidance. New York: College Entrance Examination Board.

Katz, M. R. (1966). Criteria for evaluation of guidance. In R. Hummel (Ed.), Occupational information and vocational guidance for non-college youth (pp. 167-182). Pittsburgh, PA: University of Pittsburgh.

Katz, M. R. (1966). A model of guidance for career decision-making. Vocational Guidance Quarterly, 15, 2-10.

Katz, M. R. (1968). Learning to make wise decisions. Educational Testing Service Research Memorandum, 68-40. (Reprinted in 1969 in Computer-based vocational guidance systems, Washington, DC: US Office of Education, Government Printing Office.)

Katz, M. R. (1969). Interests and values. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 16, 460-462.

Katz, M. R. (1969). Can computers make guidance decisions for students? College Board Review, 72, 13-17.

Katz, M. R. (1969). Theoretical foundations of guidance. Review of Educational Research, 16, 460-462. (Also available as a 1969 Research Report (ETS RB 69-5) from the Educational Testing Service, Princeton, NJ).

Katz, M. R. (1974). Career decision-making: A computer-based System of Interactive Guidance and Information (SIGI). In Measurement for Self-Understanding and Personal Development--Proceedings of the 1973 Invitational Conference on Testing Problems (pp. 43-69). Princeton, NJ: Educational Testing Service.

Katz, M. R. (1975). A computer-based System of Interactive Guidance and Information. Princeton, NJ: Educational Testing Service.

Katz, M. R. (1979). Assessment of career decision-making. In A. Mitchell, G. Jones, & J. Krumboltz (Eds.), Social learning and career decision making (pp. 81-101). Cranston, RI: Carroll Press.

Katz, M. R. (1980). SIGI: An interactive aid to career decision-making. Journal of College Student Personnel, 21, 34-40.

Katz, M. R. (1980). The current and future status of SIGI. Proceedings of an Invitational Conference at Kellogg Center West, Pomona, CA.

Katz, M. R. (1984). Computer-assisted guidance: A walk-through with running comments. Journal of Counseling and Development, 63, 153-157.

Katz, M. R. (1984, March). SIGI: From beginnings to middle. In R. C. Reardon (Chair), Computers and career interventions: Retrospect and prospect. Paper presented at the annual convention of the American Association for Counseling and Development, Houston, TX.

Katz, M. R. (1988). New technologies in career guidance: The interactive computer. Educational and Vocational Guidance Bulletin, (48), 32-38. (Also available as a 1988 Research Report from the Educational Testing Service, Princeton, NJ.)

Katz, M. R. (1988). Computerized guidance and the structure of occupational information. Prospects, 18, 515-525.

Katz, M. R. (1990). Yesterday, today, and tomorrow. In J. P. Sampson, Jr. & R. C. Reardon (Eds.), Enhancing the design and use of computer-assisted career guidance systems: Proceedings of an international teleconference on technology and career development (pp. 43-50). Alexandria, VA: National Career Development Association.

Katz, M. R. (1993). Computer-assisted career decision making: The Guide in the machine. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

Katz, M. R., & Chapman, W. (1978, April). SIGI: An example of computer-assisted guidance. Educational Technology, 57-59.

Katz, M. R., Chapman, W., & Godwin, W. F. (1972). SIGI--A computer-based aid to career decision-making. EDUCOM Bulletin, Summer.

Katz, M. R., & Norris, L. (1972). The contribution of academic interest measures to the differential prediction of marks. Journal of Educational Measurement, 9, 1-11.

Katz, M. R., Norris, L., & Halpern, G. (1970). The measurement of academic interests, Part I: Characteristics of the academic interest measures (ETS Research Bulletin 70-57 or College Entrance Examination Board Research and Development Report (70-71, No. 4). Princeton, NJ: Educational Testing Service.

Katz, M. R., Norris, L., & Kirsh, E. (1969). Development of a structured interview to explore vocational decision-making. Educational Testing Service Research Memorandum, 69-73. Princeton, NJ: Educational Testing Service.

Katz, M. R., Norris, L., & Pears, L. (1976). Simulated occupational choice: A measure of competencies in career decision-making. Princeton, NJ: Educational Testing Service.

Katz, M. R., Norris, L., & Pears, L. (1978). Simulated occupational choice: A diagnostic measure of competencies in career decision-making. Measurement and Evaluation in Guidance, 10, 222-239, 11, 59.

Katz, M. R., & Shatkin, L. (1983). Characteristics of computer-assisted guidance. The Counseling Psychologist, 11, 15-31. Also available as Katz, M. R., & Shatkin, L. (1980). Computer-assisted guidance: Concepts and practices (ETS RR-80-1). Princeton, NJ: Educational Testing Service.

Manning, W. (1981, January). From Bernini to Katz--a look at SIGI's Future. Keynote address at the National SIGI Conference, Newport Beach, CA.

Norris, L., & Chapman, W. (1976). A test free approach to prediction for guidance. Educational Testing Service Research Bulletin 76-32. Princeton, NJ: Educational Testing Service.

Norris, L., & Cochran, D. J. (1977). The SIGI prediction system: Predicting college grades with and without tests. Measurement and Evaluation in Guidance, 10, 133-143.

Norris, L., & Katz, M. R. (1970). The measurement of academic interests, Part II: The predictive validities of academic interest measures. (ETS Research Bulletin 70-67 or College Entrance Examination Board Research and Development Report (70-71, No. 5). Princeton, NJ: Educational Testing Service.

Norris, L., Katz, M. R., & Chapman, W. (1978). Sex differences in the career decision-making process (ETS Research Report 78-3). Princeton, NJ: Educational Testing Service. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED 160 833)

Norris, L., & Shatkin, L. (1989). To BYOS or not to BYOS (build your own system). In A. G. Watts (Ed.). Computers in careers guidance: Report of the second European conference on computers in careers guidance and of its teleconference with the USA (pp. 58-59). Cambridge: Careers Research and Advisory Centre.

Norris, L., & Shatkin, L. (1991). Question: Why doesn't SIGI PLUS include an interest inventory? sigi plus news, 4(3), 2-3.

Norris, L., Shatkin, L, & Katz, M. R. (1991). SIGI PLUS and Project LEARN: A retrospective. Journal of Career Development, 18, 61-72.

Rogers, S. C. (1984). The design and analysis of Next Steps: A component of a computer-assisted guidance system for adults (career) (Doctoral dissertation, University of Maryland, 1984). Dissertation Abstracts International, 46, 07A.

Shimberg, B., & Katz, M. R. (1960). Evaluation of a guidance text. Personnel and Guidance Journal, 41, 126-132.

Evaluation and Research Reports

Bell, C. L. S. (1981). A coding-system model for the physically handicapped for use with the System of Interactive Guidance and Information (Doctoral dissertation, University of North Texas, 1981). Dissertation Abstracts International, 42, 4805A.

Brownfield, K. N. (1987). A comparative study of career decision making with two computer-assisted career guidance systems (Doctoral dissertation, University of Tulsa, 1987) Dissertation Abstracts International, 48, 306A.

Career Planning and Placement Center, University of California - Irvine. (1979). SIGI Project: Student evaluation, first 18 months. Unpublished manuscript, University of California - Irvine, Career Planning and Placement Center.

Chapman, W. (1978). SIGI proves to be an effective career guidance system. Findings, 2, 5-8.

Chapman, W., Katz, M. R., Norris, L., & Pears, L. (1977). SIGI: Field test and evaluation of a computer-based System of Interactive Guidance and Information: Volume I. Princeton, NJ: Educational Testing Service. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED 146 222)

Chapman, W., Katz, M. R., Norris, L., & Pears, L. (1977). SIGI: Field test and evaluation of a computer-based System of Interactive Guidance and Information (Summary of Final Report). Princeton, NJ: Educational Testing Service. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED 146 221)

Chapman, W., Norris, L., & Katz, M. R. (1973). SIGI: Report of a pilot study under field conditions. Princeton, NJ: Educational Testing Service. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED 084 887)

Cochran, D. J., Hoffman, S. D., Strand, K. H., & Warren, P. M. (1977). Effects of client/computer interaction on career decision-making processes. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 24, 308-312.

Davis, D., & Dickson, J. (1980). A progress report on the System of Interactive Guidance and Information: October 1976 to June 1979. Unpublished manuscript, Delta College, Counseling Center, University Center.

Devine, H. F. (1975). The effects of a computer-based career counseling program on the vocational maturity of community college students (Doctoral dissertation, University of Florida, 1975). Dissertation Abstracts International, 36, 12A.

DeVito, A. J., & Buglione, S. A. (1986). Computers in career guidance. Computers in Psychiatry/Psychology, 8(4), 18-25.

Dungy, G. J. (1980). Self-esteem and career decision making readiness as predictors of successful use of the System of Interactive Guidance and Information (Doctoral dissertation, Washington University, 1980). Dissertation Abstracts International, 41, 5073A.

Dungy, G. (1984). Computer-assisted guidance: Determining who is ready. Journal of College Student Personnel, 25, 539-546.

Dewees, P. (1983). Adult learners' response to computer-based career guidance systems in three settings: An employee development program, a college counseling center, and a public library. Unpublished manuscript, Ohio University, Adult Learning Services, Athens, OH. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED 230 735)

Fadden, T. F. (1983). The effects of computer-assisted guidance and information on the vocational maturity of college students when used alone and in combination with a career planning and decision-making course (Doctoral dissertation, Marquette University, 1983). Dissertation Abstracts International, 45, 02A.

Farber, A. J. (1986). The relationship between student characteristics and the effective use of a computer-assisted career guidance system (Doctoral dissertation, Michigan State University, 1986). Dissertation Abstracts International, 47, 10A.

Farrell, S. S. (1990). The differential effects of computer-assisted and noncomputer-assisted career/life decision program on the career decision skills of low-income women (Doctoral dissertation, Boston University, 1990). Dissertation Abstracts International, 51, 1507A.

Fredericksen, G. E., & Fullerton, T. F. (1978). The report of the pilot project to evaluate the System of Interactive Guidance and Information. Pomona, CA: California State Polytechnic University, Career Planning and Placement. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED 182 465)

Fulford, C. (1982). SIGI support materials needs assessment--A final report. Tallahassee, FL: Florida State University, Curricular-Career Information Service.

Garis, J. W., & Niles, S. G. (1990). The separate and combined effects of SIGI or DISCOVER and a career planning course on undecided university students. Career Development Quarterly, 38, 261-274.

Gilman, K. A. (1987). A comparison of computer-assisted and noncomputer-assisted group career guidance experiences using SIGI PLUS and DISCOVER for Adult Learners (Doctoral dissertation, Texas A & M University, 1987). Dissertation Abstracts International, 49, 201A.

Grant, D. F. (1985). Effects of System of Interactive Guidance and Information (SIGI) on career indecision in college students (Doctoral dissertation, The University of Toledo, 1985). Dissertation Abstracts International, 46, 06A.

Hafer, A. A. (1987). Treatment effects of a computer-assisted career guidance system (SIGI PLUS), the SCII, and SDS for engineering freshmen (Doctoral dissertation, Clemson University, 1987). Dissertation Abstracts International, 48, 06A.

Helwig, A. A., & Snodgres, P. J. (1990). Computer-assisted career guidance use in higher education: A national update. Journal of Career Development, 16, 249-259.

Heppner, M. J., & Johnston, J. A. (1985). Computerized career guidance and information systems: guidelines for selection. Journal of College Student Personnel, 26(2), 156-63.

Irvin, V. J. (1989). The effects of SIGI PLUS, career counseling and the combination of SIGI PLUS, and career counseling on the career development of college students (Doctoral dissertation, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 1989). Dissertation Abstracts International, 50, 3186A.

Kapes, J. T., Borman, C. A., Garcia, G., Jr., & Compton, J. W. (1985, April). Evaluation of microcomputer based career guidance systems with college students: SIGI and DISCOVER. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Educational Research Association, Chicago.

Kapes, J. T., Borman, C. A., & Kimberly, R. M. (1985, January). Using microcomputer-based career guidance systems in a university setting: Reaction data from users. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Southwest Educational Research Association, Austin.

Kapes, J. T., Borman, C. A., Garcia, G., Jr., & Gilman, K. A. (1986, January). Exploring the use of SIGI and DISCOVER microcomputer-based career guidance systems. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Southwest Educational Research Association, Houston.

Kapes, J. T., Borman, C. A., & Frazier, N. (1986, April). Comparing SIGI and DISCOVER: Student and counselor outcomes. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Association for Counseling and Development, Los Angeles.

Kapes, J. T., Borman, C. A., & Frazier, N. (1989). An evaluation of the SIGI and Discover microcomputer-based career guidance systems. Measurement and Evaluation in Counseling and Development, 22, 126-136.

Katz, M. R., & Kroll, A. (1975). Evaluating a computer-based guidance system. Findings, 2, 5-87.

Katz, M. R., & Shatkin, L. (1987). The need for research. Career Planning and Adult Development Journal, 3(2), 63-70.

Kivlighan, D. M., Jr., Johnston, J. A., Hogan, R. S., & Mauer, E. (1994). Who benefits from computerized career counseling? Journal of Counseling & Development, 72, 289-292.

Leboeuf, C. A. (1990). The effects of gender and two microcomputer systems--SIGI PLUS and DISCOVER--on career development (Doctoral dissertation, Arizona State University, 1990). Dissertation Abstracts International, 50, 3926A.

Lenz, J. G. (1990). John Holland's theory and the effective use of computer-assisted career guidance systems (Doctoral dissertation, Florida State University, 1990). Dissertation Abstracts International, 51, 1120A.

Lenz, J. G., Reardon, R. C., & Sampson, J. P., Jr. (1993). Holland's theory and effective use of computer-assisted career guidance systems. Journal of Career Development, 19, 245-253. [Also available as Lenz, J. G., Reardon, R. C., & Sampson, J. P., Jr., (1990). Holland's theory and effective use of computer-assisted career guidance systems (technical report No. 12). Tallahassee, FL: Florida State University, Center for the Study of Technology in Counseling and Career Development. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED 340 971)]

Lenz, J. G., Leierer, S. J., Reardon, R. C., & Sampson, J. P., Jr. (1992). An analysis of the localization feature of two computer-assisted career guidance systems - DISCOVER and SIGI PLUS (technical report No. 14). Tallahassee, FL: Florida State University, Center for the Study of Technology in Counseling and Career Development. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED 363 826)

Lotterhos, S. F. (1980). The effect of computerized guidance on student persistence and academic achievement in a community college (Doctoral dissertation, Fordham University, 1980). Dissertation Abstracts International, 40, 5733-5734A.

Mar-Brennan, C. D. (1981). The effects of a computer-based career guidance system on the development of self-concept and career maturity of community college students (Doctoral dissertation, Florida State University, 1981). Dissertation Abstracts International, 42, 88A.

Mau, W., Calvert, C., & Gregory, R. (1997). Effects of career interventions on vocational cognitive complexity. Journal of Career Development, 23, 279-293.

Metzger, E. I., Sampson, J. P., Jr., & Reardon, R. C. (1988). Computer-assisted career guidance and the adult learner - two case studies (technical report No. 8). Tallahassee, FL: Florida State University, Center for the Study of Technology in Counseling and Career Development.

Moore, R., Opitz, A., Farrell, M., Moore, L., Furbish, D., & Captain, S. (1981). Exploration of career information delivery systems via computerization. Richlands, VA: Southwest Virginia Community College. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED 203 910)

National Technical Institute for the Deaf. (1976). SIGI: System of Interactive Guidance and Information - A study of the use of a computer-based aid to career decision-making at the National Technical Institute for the Deaf. Rochester, NY: Author.

Neumann, E. F. (1978). Final report of the System of Interactive Guidance and Information. Pasadena, CA: Pasadena City College, Student Personnel Services.

Niles, S., & Garis, J. W. (1990). The effects of a career planning course and a computer-assisted career guidance program (SIGI PLUS) on undecided university students. Journal of Career Development, 16, 237-248.

Norris, L., & Shatkin, L. (1986). SIGI PLUS at ETS: Development and field testing (Research Memorandum No. RM-86-5). Princeton, NJ: Educational Testing Service. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED 278 851)

Norris, L., Shatkin, L., Schott, P. S., & Bennett, M. F. (1985). SIGI PLUS: Development and field test of the computer-based System of Interactive Guidance and Information...PLUS MORE. Unpublished manuscript, Educational Testing Service, Princeton, NJ.

Norris, L., Shatkin, L., Schott, P. S., & Bennett, M. F. (1986). The field test of SIGI PLUS, the computer-based System of Interactive Guidance and Information...PLUS MORE. Unpublished manuscript, Educational Testing Service, Princeton, NJ.

Pelsma, D. M. (1982). The effects of learning style on satisfaction with a System of Interactive Guidance and Information (Doctoral dissertation, University of Missouri, 1982). Dissertation Abstracts International, 44, 03A. (University Microfilms No. 83-10421) (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED 247 468)

Peterson, G. W., Ryan-Jones, R. E., Sampson, J. P., Jr., Reardon, R. C., & Shahnasarian, M. (1987). A comparison of the effectiveness of three computer-assisted career guidance systems on college students' career decision making processes (technical report No. 6). Tallahassee, FL: Florida State University, Center for the Study of Technology in Counseling and Career Development.

Peterson, G. W., Ryan-Jones, R. E., Sampson, J. P., Jr., & Reardon, R. C. (1988). Computer-assisted career guidance evaluation form: SIGI PLUS version. Tallahassee, FL: Florida State University, Center for the Study of Technology in Counseling and Career Development.

Peterson, G. W., Ryan-Jones, R. E., Sampson, J. P., Jr., Reardon, R. C., & Shahnasarian, M. (1994). A comparison of the effectiveness of three computer-assisted career guidance systems: DISCOVER, SIGI, and SIGI PLUS. Computers in Human Behavior, 10, 189-198.

Pitz, G., & Harren, V. (1980). An analysis of career decision making from the point of view of information processing and decision theory. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 16, 320-346.

Plagens, L. F. (1986). A study to determine the feasibility of implementing a computer-assisted career guidance system at the Brenham campus of Blinn College (Texas) (Doctoral dissertation, Texas A & M University, 1986). Dissertation Abstracts International, 47, 2558A.

Pyle, K R. (1976). The relationship of group career counseling and computer-assisted career guidance to the career maturity of community college students (Doctoral dissertation, University of Florida, 1976). Dissertation Abstracts International, 37, 4143-4144A.

Pyle, K R., & Stripling, R. O. (1976). The counselor, the computer, and career development. Vocational Guidance Quarterly, 25, 71-75.

Pyle, K R., & Stripling, R. O. (1977). Counselor vs. computer in career development. NASPA Journal, 14, 38-40.

Reardon, R. C. (1984). SIGI Progress Record. Tallahassee, FL: Florida State University, Center for the Study of Technology in Counseling and Career Development.

Reardon, R. C., Peterson, G. W., & Sampson, J. P., Jr. (1985). Comparative Computer Evaluation Form. Tallahassee, FL: Florida State University, Center for the Study of Technology in Counseling and Career Development.

Reardon, R. C., Sampson, J. P., Jr., Ryan-Jones, R. E., Peterson, G. W., & Shahnasarian, M. (1988). A comparative analysis of the impact of two generations of a computer-assisted career guidance system - SIGI and SIGI PLUS (technical report No. 7). Tallahassee, FL: Florida State University, Center for the Study of Technology in Counseling and Career Development.

Reardon, R. C., Peterson, G. W., Sampson, J. P., Jr., Ryan-Jones, R. E., & Shahnasarian, M. (1992). A comparative analysis of the impact of SIGI and SIGI PLUS. Journal of Career Development, 18, 315-322.

Riesenberg, B. (1980). Report to the W. K. Kellogg Foundation on three year comprehensive summary of the demonstration model for computer-assisted career planning at U. C. Irvine. Unpublished manuscript, University of California-Irvine, Office of Student Affairs, Irvine.

Risser, J. J., & Tulley, J. E. (1974). Pasadena City College SIGI project research design. Unpublished manuscript, Pasadena City College, Pasadena, CA. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED 150 447)

Risser, J. J., & Tulley, J. E. (1976). Pasadena City College SIGI project research design. Pilot study. Unpublished manuscript, Pasadena City College, Pasadena, CA. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED 150 448)

Risser, J. J., & Tulley, J. E. (1977). Pasadena City College SIGI project research study. Unpublished manuscript, Pasadena City College, Pasadena, CA. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED 150 446)

Salters, L. G. (1984). SIGI, values-based computer software: Its effects on undecided students (Doctoral dissertation, University of South Carolina, 1984). Dissertation Abstracts International, 45, 05A.

Sampson, J. P., Jr. (1977). Counselor intervention with computer-assisted career guidance (Doctoral dissertation, University of Florida, 1977). Dissertation Abstracts International, 38, 3297A. (University Microfilms No. 77-25, 952)

Sampson, J. P., Jr., & Peterson, G. W. (1984). Evaluation standard: Computer-assisted career guidance systems. Unpublished manuscript, Florida State University, Project LEARN--Phase II.

Sampson, J. P., Jr., Peterson, G. W., Reardon, R. C., Lenz, J. G., Shahnasarian, M., & Ryan-Jones, R. E. (1992). The social influence of two computer-assisted career guidance systems: DISCOVER and SIGI. Career Development Quarterly, 41, 75-83.

Sampson, J. P., Jr., Reardon, R. C., Humphreys, J. K., Peterson, G. W., Evans, M. A., & Domkowski, D. (1990). A differential feature-cost analysis of nine computer-assisted career guidance systems (3rd. Ed.). Journal of Career Development, 17, 81-111.

Sampson, J. P., Jr., Reardon, R. C., Lenz, J. G., Ryan-Jones, R. E., Peterson, G. W., & Levy, F. C. (1993). The impact of DISCOVER for Adult Learners and SIGI PLUS on the career decision making of adults (technical report No. 9). Tallahassee, FL: Florida State University, Center for the Study of Technology in Counseling and Career Development. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED 363 824)

Sampson, J. P., Jr., Reardon, R. C., Reed, C., Rudd, E., Lumsden, J., Epstein, S., Folsom, B., Herbert, S. M., Johnson, S., Simmons, A., Odell, J., Rush, D., Wright, L., Lenz, J. G., Peterson, G. W., & Greeno, B. P. (1998). A differential feature-cost analysis of seventeen computer-assisted career guidance systems: (technical report No. 10) (8th Ed.). Tallahassee, FL: Florida State University, Center for the Study of Technology in Counseling and Career Development.

Sampson, J. P., Jr., Reardon, R. C., Wilde, C. K., Norris, D. S., Peterson, G. W., Strausberger, S. J., Garis, J. W., Lenz, J. G., & Saunders, D. E. (1994). A comparison of the assessment components of fifteen computer-assisted career guidance systems. In J. T. Kapes, M. M. Mastie, & E. A. Whitfield (Eds.), A counselor's guide to career assessment instruments (3rd. Ed.) (pp. 373-379). Alexandria, VA: National Career Development Association.

Sampson, J. P., Jr., Reardon, R. C., Shahnasarian, M., Peterson, G. W., Ryan-Jones, R. E., & Lenz, J. G. (1987). The impact of DISCOVER and SIGI on the career decision making of college students (technical report No. 5). Tallahassee, FL: Florida State University, Center for the Study of Technology in Counseling and Career Development.

Sampson, J. P., Jr., Shahnasarian, M., & Reardon, R. C. (1985). Computer-assisted career guidance: A national survey on the use of DISCOVER and SIGI (technical report No. 1). Tallahassee, FL: Florida State University, Clearinghouse for Computer-Assisted Guidance Systems. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED 256 905)

Sampson, J. P., Jr., Shahnasarian, M., & Reardon, R. C. (1986). A comparison of the use of DISCOVER and SIGI (technical report No. 2). Tallahassee, FL: Florida State University, Clearinghouse for Computer-Assisted Guidance Systems. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED 272 677)

Sampson, J. P., Jr., Shahnasarian, M., & Reardon, R. C. (1987). Computer-assisted career guidance: A national perspective on the use of DISCOVER and SIGI. Journal of Counseling and Development, 65, 416-419.

Sampson, J. P., Jr., Shahnasarian, M., & Reardon, R. C. (1988). Factors influencing the use of DISCOVER and SIGI. Journal of Career Development, 15, 75-86.

Sampson, J. P., Jr., & Stripling, R. O. (1979). Strategies for counselor intervention with a computer-assisted career guidance system. Vocational Guidance Quarterly, 27, 230-238.

Sampson, J. R., Jr., Stripling, R. O., & Pyle, K R. (1978). Geographic influences on values associated with career decision-making. Vocational Guidance Quarterly, 27, 144-149.

Savickas, M. L. (1990). The career decision-making course: Description and field test. Career Development Quarterly, 38, 275-288.

Seeger, B. A. (1988). The effect of using a computer-assisted career guidance system on career development attitudes, knowledge, and behavior in students (Doctoral dissertation, Iowa State University, 1988). Dissertation Abstracts International, 49, 09A.

Slusher, N. L., & White, K. R. (1978). A preliminary evaluation of the System for Interactive Guidance and Information with NTID students. National Technical Institute for the Deaf. Rochester, NY.

Snead, K. M. (1989). Effects of computer-assisted career guidance on selected aspects of career maturity of academically disadvantaged students (Doctoral dissertation, Syracuse University, 1989). Dissertation Abstracts International, 51, 82A.

Snodgres, P. J. (1988). The status of computer-assisted career guidance systems in United States four-year institutions of higher education (Doctoral dissertation, East Texas State University, 1988). Dissertation Abstracts International, 49, 1378A.

Splete, H. H. (1984). Computerized career guidance systems and career counseling services. Unpublished manuscript, Oakland University, Adult Career Counseling Center, Rochester, MI.

Splete, H. H., Elliott, B. J., & Borders, L. D. (1985). Computer-assisted career guidance systems and career counseling services. Unpublished manuscript, Oakland University, Adult Career Counseling Center, Rochester.

Tulley, E. J., & Risser, J. J. (1977). SIGI project research study summary 1975-1977. Pasadena, CA: Pasadena City College.

Viar, C. R. (1985). Comparative study of the effectiveness of the System of Interactive Guidance and Information for students at Dyersburg Community College (Doctoral dissertation, Memphis State University, 1985). Dissertation Abstracts International, 46, 3255A.

Wiesenberg, F. P. (1996). Using computerized career guidance systems with continuing education students. Canadian Journal of University Continuing Education, 22, 33-47.

Willingham, A. (1978). Evaluation of SIGI program. Unpublished manuscript, Mercer County Community College, Career Development Center, Trenton, NJ.

Yang, S. J. (1991). The effects of two computer-assisted career guidance programs--DISCOVER and SIGI PLUS--on the career development of high school students (Doctoral dissertation, Columbia University Teachers College, 1991). Dissertation Abstracts International, 52, 2417A.

Zemel, B. M. (1985). The effects of a computer-based System of Interactive Guidance and Information (SIGI) on career maturity (Doctoral dissertation, Washington State University, 1985). Dissertation Abstracts International, 46, 3255A.

Zemel, B. M., & Hanna, M. E. (1991). A comparison of the effects of three interventions on the career maturity of college students. TACD (Texas Association for Counseling and Development) Journal, 19(2), 63-73.

Zmud, R. W., Sampson, J. P., Jr., Reardon, R. C., Lenz, J. G., & Byrd, T. A., (1994). Confounding effects of construct overlap: An example from IS user satisfaction theory. Information Technology and People, 7(2), 29-45.

Program Descriptions

Association of Computer-Based Systems for Career Information. (1994). 1994 directory of state-based career information systems. Alexandria, VA: ACSCI Administrative Office, National Career Development Association.

Career guidance by computer. (1979). Mosaic, 10, 17-22.

Carnegie Corporation of New York. (1974). Seeking a future: How a computer can help students make career choices. Carnegie Quarterly, 22, 1-4.

Cochran, D. J., Hoffman, S. D., Grimm, K., Rademacher, B., & Warren, P. (1976, April). University counseling center: Computerized career guidance program. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Personnel and Guidance Association, Chicago, IL.

Gerardi, R. J., & Benedict, G. C. (1986). Computerized information systems. The School Counselor, 34(2), 105-109.

Grigsby, J., & Somerville, S. (1986). Using the microprocessor to facilitate career development needs of the community college non-traditional learner: Vocational guidance and counseling project - final report. Locust Grove, VA: Germanna Community College. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED 274 855)

Hartshorne, N. (1983). Making hard choices: On campus with SIGI. Princeton, NJ: Educational Testing Service.

Heppner, M. J. (1985). Overviews: DISCOVER II, SIGI, and MicroSKILLS: A descriptive review. Journal of Counseling and Development, 63, 323-325.

Isaacson, L. E. (1985). Computer systems in career counseling. In L. E. Isaacson, (Ed.), Basics of career counseling (pp. 350-353). Boston, MA: Allyn and Bacon.

Katz, M. R. (1977). The significance of SIGI. California Consortium Invitational Conference Proceedings, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA.

Mariani, M. (1996). Computer-assisted career guidance: Ride the rising tide. Occupational Outlook Quarterly, 39(4) 16-27.

Martin, K. M., & Passmore, D. L. (1976). Applicability of the SIGI occupational data base to NTID's curriculum research and career counseling needs. Rochester, NY: National Technical Institute for the Deaf. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED 140 016)

Maze, M., & Cummings, R. (1982). Analysis of the System of Interactive Guidance and Information. In M. Maze & R. Cummings, How to select a computer-assisted career guidance system (pp. 79-96). Madison, WI: University of Wisconsin, Wisconsin Vocational Studies Center.

McKee, B. G., & Chiavoroli, K. S. (1984). Computer-assisted career guidance with hearing-impaired college students. Journal of Counseling and Development, 63, 162-167.

McKee, B. G., & Schroedl, K. J. (1982, March). SIGI at NTID: Computer-assisted career guidance with hearing-impaired college students. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Educational Research Association, New York, NY. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED 223 317)

Nagy, D. R., & Donald, G. M. (1981). System of Interactive Guidance and Information (SIGI). In D. H. Montross & C. J. Shinkman (Eds.), Career development in the 1980s (pp. 148-150). Springfield, IL: Charles C Thomas.

Pfleiderer, J. (1990). "SIGI/SIGI PLUS - 10 Years on the Microcomputer" sigi plus news, 5(2), 1-2.

Posluszny, S. B. (1991). Career counseling them all--and on a limited budget. Journal of Career Planning and Employment, 52(4), 51-53.

Rubin, K. (1983, October). Finding a career that loves you. MS., pp. 98, 100, 103-104.

Samai, P. G. (1985). Selection of a computerized guidance system: A review of DISCOVER and SIGI. Unpublished manuscript, New York Institute of Technology, Office of Career Development, New York, NY. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED 259 139)

Shatkin, L. (1980). System of Interactive Guidance and Information (SIGI). In L. Shatkin, Computer-assisted guidance: Descriptions of systems (96-101). Princeton, NJ: Educational Testing Service. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED 187 851)

Shatkin, L. (1982). SIGI. In L. Shatkin, Guidance on the microcomputer: Current software compared (pp. 26-31), Princeton, NJ: Educational Testing Service.

Splete, H., & Kortryk, C. (1990). Adult career counseling center: Seventh annual report (September 1989 - June 1990). Unpublished manuscript, Oakland University, Rochester, MI.

Weinrach, S. (1980). SIGI's on first, who's on second? Vocational Guidance Quarterly, 29, 85.

Wilhelm, S. (1978). Computer-based guidance systems: Are they worth it? Journal of College Placement, 38, 65-69.

Yerian, J. M. (1986). Improving vocational guidance and counseling at Virginia Commonwealth University by developing career/vocational assessment programs: Vocational guidance and counseling project - final report. Richmond, VA: Virginia Commonwealth University. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED 274 856)

Support Materials

Chapman, W. (1975). Counselor's handbook for SIGI. Princeton, NJ: Educational Testing Service.

Chapman, W., & Seibel, M. (1982). Counselor's handbook for SIGI on microcomputer. Princeton, NJ: Educational Testing Service.

Educational Testing Service. (1994). Find out where you’re going...now! [video tape]. Princeton, NJ: Author.

Educational Testing Service. (1982). SIGI crosswalk. Princeton, NJ: Author.

Educational Testing Service. (1997). SIGI PLUS counselor's manual. Princeton, NJ: Author.

Educational Testing Service. (1997). After SIGI PLUS: A guide to further resources. Princeton, NJ: Author.

Educational Testing Service. (1997). Customizing SIGI PLUS with local and Tech-Prep information. Princeton, NJ: Author.

Educational Testing Service. (1997). SIGI PLUS installation manual. Princeton, NJ: Author.

Educational Testing Service. (1997). SIGI PLUS printout checklist. Princeton, NJ: Author.

Educational Testing Service. (1996). SIGI PLUS training resource guide. Princeton, NJ: Author.

Educational Testing Service. (1997). SIGI PLUS user's guide. Princeton, NJ: Author.

Educational Testing Service. (1997). Directory of occupations. Princeton, NJ: Author.

Educational Testing Service. (fall, winter, & spring publication). sigi plus news. Princeton, NJ: Author.

Eckstein, J. J., Lowrance, A., Griffith, D. P., Murphy, K., Norris, L., & Shatkin, L. (1991). Final report on the 1991 update of the SIGI PLUS database. Princeton, NJ: Educational Testing Service.

Johnson, C. S., & Educational Testing Service. (1992). Helping you help people find their way: SIGI PLUS counselor training [Videotape]. Princeton, NJ: Educational Testing Service.

Johnson, C. S., & Harlan, C. (Eds.). (n.d.). Workbook for adult SIGI users. Princeton, NJ: Educational Testing Service.

Kollath, K., & Vaca, R. (1985). SIGI PLUS orientation [Videotape]. San Diego, CA: Learning Resource Center, San Diego State University.

Pears, L., & Weber, A. (1976, 1978, 1980, 1982). Occupational information in SIGI: A handbook for data collection, interpretation, preparation, and documentation. Princeton, NJ: Educational Testing Service.

Pyle, K R. (1980). SIGI career group counseling manual. Alma, MI: Alma College.

Pyle, K R. (1988). Individual counseling with SIGI PLUS [Videotape]. Princeton, NJ: Educational Testing Service.

Rackley, C. (1994). Suggested classroom activities. Princeton, NJ: Educational Testing Service.

Riesenberg, B. (Ed.) (n.d.). Training leaders' guide for SIGI. (Available from Project LEARN, Educational Testing Service, Princeton, NJ 08541).

Rosen, J., Sampson, J. P., Jr., & Chapman, W. (1980). SIGI VALUES subsystem exercise. Unpublished manuscript, University System of Georgia Computer Network, Athens, GA.

Sampson, J. P., Jr. (1979). Counselor's guide to facilitating student use of SIGI. Unpublished manuscript, Georgia Institute of Technology, Student Counseling and Career Planning Center, Atlanta, GA.

Sampson, J. P., Jr. (1979). Student guide for SIGI use. Unpublished manuscript, Georgia Institute of Technology, Student Counseling and Career Planning Center, Atlanta, GA.